Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (1828-1852)

1839- Arrival of James Brooke in Sarawak
James Brooke makes use of the friction between nobles Pengiran Muda Hashim (Son Of The Sultan Muahammad Kanzul Alam) and Pengiran Indera Mahkota, the Governor of Sarawak to intervene in Sarawak's affairs.

August 1842
- James Brooke signed Treaty with SOAS II
- James Brooke becomes the new governor of Brunei

1846
-British invaded and occupied Brunei town when Pengiran Muda Hashim was killed in Royal Family feud
-August 1846, James Brooke became the Raja of Sarawak
-December 1846, the Cession of Labuan to the British

1847-
ANGLO-BRUNEI TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP AND COMMERCE

History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing Our past
Secondary 1 & 2;
Curriculum Development Department
Ministry of Education Brunei
Page- 60

The Residental System(1906-1959)

The Residental System(1906-1959)

-Introduced in Brunei in 1906

-Result of the supplementary protectorate agreement signed on 31/1/1905 and on 3/1/1906

-British Resident appointed to advise sultan on all matters of administration except those touching on Islam

-First resident: Malcom Mc Arthur,also officer responsible for Labuan

“Agent & representative of his Britannic Majesty’s government under the high commissioner for the British protectorate in Borneo”

-May 1906- he took the office

-Assistant of resident introduce 1906

-Abolished from 1915-1930,becoz financial difficulties

-Beginning,Brunei was administrative linked with Labuan

-Brunei had STRONG administrative links with the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay states

-High commissioner also “GOVERNOR OF THE STRAITS SETTLEMENT”

-Resident had WIDE-RANGING power

-Secured executive power

-He interfered with malay customs,*matters of land rights*

-Resented by locals

In theory:	In reality:
Resident as advisers	Resident acted as ruler and the sultan was obliged to accept his advice.

Advantages	Disadvantages
1.Better administration	1.Power of sultan weakened
2.Social welfare	2.Traditional responsibilities disrupted
3.Economis	3. Resident did not make effort to understand locals
4.Political	4.Resident did not work for Brunei’s interest
	5.Local could not head departments

:1929- oil, the source of Brunei first struck at Seria

:1932- went into commercial production

:World war 2, japan occupied Brunei

:1945- Australia liberated Brunei

:1959- Promulgation of a written Constitution, which gave the State self-government, made the Sultan supreme executive authority in the country, and changed the post of British Resident to High Commissioner who continued to advise the Sultan on all matters other than those relating to Islam and Malay customs.

History for Brunei Darussalam:
Sharing OUR past;
Secondary 3

The founding of Brunei

From the Chinese records, we know that the Chinese called the ruler of Po-ni, Ma-ha-mo-sha in 1371. Historians believe that this was Awang Alak Betatar. The Founding of Brunei can be traced back to a story of Awang Alak Betatar and his 13 brothers.This is the story:

Long ago,Awang Alak Betatar and his 13 brothers lived in Garang.One day,he was called by his brothers for a meeting.The meetung was about to moved to another place.A week later,his brothers began to search for a new place and they find a comfortable place called Butir.Then the brothers went back home to tell him that they just found new place.Awang Alak Betatar agreed with them.A week later,Awang Alak Betatar and his brothers went to Butir and they began to clearing the area.Then they set up their own house and Awang Alak Betatar became the first ruler of Brunei.

History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing Our past
Secondary 1 & 2;
Curriculum Development Department
Ministry of Education Brunei
Page- 26 & 27